Yesterday there were some classroom disruptions. Ms. Aspenleiter has been notified.
In class:
Small change of plans. Tomorrow we are sharing out your epitaphs. This will be be a response walk. I will have them graded by then, as well. I am missing some epitaphs, analyses and graphic organizers. They are late at this point!
1. vocabulary review
2. You were to have read the New York Times news story on the Triangle Shirt Waist Fire as a class yesterday. Below you will fine images of the fire.
I am handing out the an accompanying graphic organizer. You will need the article to complete this.
The following students are on field trip tomorrow. If you do not finish the assignment by the end of class, please drop it off in 176 BEFORE leaving tomorrow; otherwise it is late: Demi Davidson Kalvon Hutchins-MorrisonRarity JohnsonIndia Peterson Starr Ryland-Buntley Alyssa Schulwitz
Who worked at the factory?
THE FIRE
141 Men and Girls Die in Waist Factory Fire; Trapped High Up in
Washington Place Building; Street Strewn with Bodies; Piles of Dead Inside
New York Times, March 26, 1911, p. 1.
Three stories of a ten-floor building at the corner of Greene
Street and Washington Place were burned yesterday, and while the fire was going
on 141 young men and women at least 125 of them mere girls were burned to death
or killed by jumping to the pavement below.
The building was fireproof. It shows now hardly any signs of the
disaster that overtook it. The walls are as good as ever so are the floors,
nothing is the worse for the fire except the furniture and 141 of the 600 men
and girls that were employed in its upper three stories.
Most of the victims were suffocated or burned to death within the
building, but some who fought their way to the windows and leaped met death as
surely, but perhaps more quickly, on the pavements below.
All Over in Half an Hour
Nothing like it has been seen in New York since the burning of the
General Slocum. The fire was practically all over in half an hour. It was
confined to three floors the eighth, ninth, and tenth of the building. But it
was the most murderous fire that New York had seen in many years.
The victims who are now lying at the Morgue waiting for someone to
identify them by a tooth or the remains of a burned shoe were mostly girls from
16 to 23 years of age. They were employed at making shirtwaist by the Triangle
Waist Company, the principal owners of which are Isaac Harris and Max Blanck.
Most of them could barely speak English. Many of them came from Brooklyn.
Almost all were the main support of their hard-working families.
There is just one fire escape in the building. That one is an
interior fire escape. In Greene Street, where the terrified unfortunates
crowded before they began to make their mad leaps to death, the whole big front
of the building is guiltless of one. Nor is there a fire escape in the back.
The building was fireproof and the owners had put their trust in
that. In fact, after the flames had done their worst last night, the building
hardly showed a sign. Only the stock within it and the girl employees were
burned.
A heap of corpses lay on the sidewalk for more than an hour. The
firemen were too busy dealing with the fire to pay any attention to people whom
they supposed beyond their aid. When the excitement had subsided to such an
extent that some of the firemen and policemen could pay attention to this mass
of the supposedly dead they found about half way down in the pack a girl who
was still breathing. She died two minutes after she was found.
The Triangle Waist Company was the only sufferer by the disaster.
There are other concerns in the building, but it was Saturday and the other
companies had let their people go home. Messrs. Harris and Blanck, however,
were busy and ?? their girls and some stayed.
Leaped Out of the Flames
At 4:40 o'clock, nearly five hours after the employes in the rest
of the building had gone home, the fire broke out. The one little fire escape
in the interior was resorted to by any of the doomed victims. Some of them
escaped by running down the stairs, but in a moment or two this avenue was cut
off by flame. The girls rushed to the windows and looked down at Greene Street,
100 feet below them. Then one poor, little creature jumped. There was a plate
glass protection over part of the sidewalk, but she crashed through it,
wrecking it and breaking her body into a thousand pieces.
Then they all began to drop. The crowd yelled "Don't
jump!" but it was jump or be burned the proof of which is found in the
fact that fifty burned bodies were taken from the ninth floor alone.
They jumped, the crashed through broken glass, they crushed
themselves to death on the sidewalk. Of those who stayed behind it is better to
say nothing except what a veteran policeman said as he gazed at a headless and
charred trunk on the Greene Street sidewalk hours after the worst cases had
been taken out:
"I saw the Slocum disaster, but it was nothing to this."
"Is it a man or a woman?" asked the reporter. "It's human,
that's all you can tell," answered the policeman.
It was just a mass of ashes, with blood congealed on what had
probably been the neck.
Messrs. Harris and Blanck were in the building, but the escaped.
They carried with the Mr. Blanck's children and a governess, and they fled over
the roofs. Their employes did not know the way, because they had been in the
habit of using the two freight elevators, and one of these elevators was not in
service when the fire broke out.
Found Alive After the Fire
The first living victims, Hyman Meshel of 322 East Fifteenth
Street, was taken from the ruins four hours after the fire was discovered. He
was found paralyzed with fear and whimpering like a wounded animal in the
basement, immersed in water to his neck, crouched on the top of a cable drum
and with his head just below the floor of the elevator.
Meantime the remains of the dead it is hardly possible to call
them bodies, because that would suggest something human, and there was nothing
human about most of these were being taken in a steady stream to the Morgue for
identification. First Avenue was lined with the usual curious east side crowd.
Twenty-sixth Street was impassable. But in the Morgue they received the charred
remnants with no more emotion than they ever display over anything.
Back in Greene Street there was another crowd. At midnight it had
not decreased in the least. The police were holding it back to the fire lines,
and discussing the tragedy in a tone which those seasoned witnesses of death
seldom use.
"It's the worst thing I ever saw," said one old
policeman.
Chief Croker said it was an outrage. He spoke bitterly of the way
in which the Manufacturers' Association had called a meeting in Wall Street to
take measures against his proposal for enforcing better methods of protection
for employees in cases of fire.
No Chance to Save Victims
Four alarms were rung in fifteen minutes. The first five girls who
jumped did go before the first engine could respond. That fact may not convey
much of a picture to the mind of an unimaginative man, but anybody who has ever
seen a fire can get from it some idea of the terrific rapidity with which the
flames spread.
It may convey some idea too, to say that thirty bodies clogged the
elevator shaft. These dead were all girls. They had made their rush their
blindly when they discovered that there was no chance to get out by the fire
escape. Then they found that the elevator was as hopeless as anything else, and
they fell there in their tracks and died.
The Triangle Waist Company employed about 600 women and less than
100 men. One of the saddest features of the thing is the fact that they had
almost finished for the day. In five minutes more, if the fire had started
then, probably not a life would have been lost.
Last night District Attorney Whitman started an investigation not
of this disaster alone but of the whole condition which makes it possible for a
firetrap of such a kind to exist. Mr. Whitman's intention is to find out if the
present laws cover such cases, and if they do not to frame laws that will.
Girls Jump To Sure Death
Fire Nets Prove Useless Firemen Helpless to Save Life. The fire
which was first discovered at 4:40 o'clock on the eighth floor of the ten-story
building at the corner of Washington Place and Greene Street, leaped through
the three upper stories occupied by the Triangle Waist Company with a sudden
rush that left the Fire Department helpless.
How the fire started no one knows. On the three upper floors of
the building were 600 employees of the waist company, 500 of whom were girls.
The victims mostly Italians, Russians, Hungarians, and Germans were girls and
men who had been employed by the firm of Harris & Blanck, owners of the
Triangle Waist Company, after the strike in which the Jewish girls, formerly
employed, had been become unionized and had demanded better working conditions.
The building had experienced four recent fires and had been reported by the
Fire Department to the Building Department as unsafe in account of the insufficiency
of its exits.
The building itself was of the most modern construction and
classed as fireproof. What burned so quickly and disastrously for the victims
were shirtwaists, hanging on lines above tiers of workers, sewing machines
placed so closely together that there was hardly aisle room for the girls
between them, and shirtwaist trimmings and cuttings which littered the floors
above the eighth and ninth stories.
Girls had begun leaping from the eighth story windows before
firemen arrived. The firemen had trouble bringing their apparatus into position
because of the bodies which strewed the pavement and sidewalks. While more
bodies crashed down among them, they worked with desperation to run their
ladders into position and to spread fire nets.
One fireman running ahead of a hose wagon, which halted to avoid
running over a body spread a firenet, and two more seized hold of it. A girl's
body, coming end over end, struck on the side of it, and there was hope that
she would be the first one of the score who had jumped to be saved.
Thousands of people who had crushed in from Broadway and
Washington Square and were screaming with horror at what they saw watched
closely the work with the firenet. Three other girls who had leaped for it a
moment after the first one, struck it on top of her, and all four rolled out
and lay still upon the pavement.
Five girls who stood together at a window close the Greene Street
corner held their place while a fire ladder was worked toward them, but which
stopped at its full length two stories lower down. They leaped together,
clinging to each other, with fire streaming back from their hair and dresses.
They struck a glass sidewalk cover and it to the basement. There was no time to
aid them. With water pouring in upon them from a dozen hose nozzles the bodies
lay for two hours where they struck, as did the many others who leaped to their
deaths.
One girl, who waved a handkerchief at the crowd, leaped from a
window adjoining the New York University Building on the westward. Her dress caught
on a wire, and the crowd watched her hang there till her dress burned free and
she came toppling down.
Many jumped whom the firemen believe they could have saved. A girl
who saw the glass roof of a sidewalk cover at the first-story level of the New
York University Building leaped for it, and her body crashed through to the
sidewalk.
On Greene Street, running along the eastern face of the building
more people leaped to the pavement than on Washington Place to the south. Fire
nets proved just as useless to catch them and the ladders to reach them. None
waited for the firemen to attempt to reach them with the scaling ladders.
All Would Soon Have Been Out
Strewn about as the firemen worked, the bodies indicated clearly
the preponderance of women workers. Here and there was a man, but almost always
they were women. One wore furs and a muss, and had a purse hanging from her
arm. Nearly all were dressed for the street. The fire had flashed through their
workroom just as they were expecting the signal to leave the building. In ten
minutes more all would have been out, as many had stopped work in advance of
the signal and had started to put on their wraps.
What happened inside there were few who could tell with any
definiteness. All that those escaped seemed to remember was that there was a
flash of flames, leaping first among the girls in the southeast corner of the
eighth floor and then suddenly over the entire room, spreading through the
linens and cottons with which the girls were working. The girls on the ninth
floor caught sight of the flames through the window up the stairway, and up the
elevator shaft.
On the tenth floor they got them a moment later, but most of those
on that floor escaped by rushing to the roof and then on to the roof of the New
York University Building, with the assistance of 100 university students who
had been dismissed from a tenth story classroom.
Name_________________________________________________
Triangle Shirt Waist
Fire accompanying questions. You must use textual evidence woven into your
response in order to receive get credit1.
In journalism, the first sentence is knows as a
lead (pronounced leed). A well-written lead sums up the whole article,
the details of which one finds when continuing to read. What the lead contains
is the who, what, when where and how, also referred to as the four W’s and H.
This is analogous to the thesis statements in your essays. If you have a clear
thesis statement, your audience will be able to anticipate the major points
that you will write about.
Read the lead the
sentence and write out the four W’s and H.
Who
________________________________________-
What___________________________________________________________________________
When
_______________________________________________________________________________
Where
_______________________________________________________________________________
How____________________________________________________________________________
1. Using textual evidence, how did the deaths
occur?
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Using textual evidence, how were the victims
identified?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why was the Triangle Waist Company the “only
sufferer by the disaster”. (Use text)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. How did the owners, Messrs. Harris and Blanck
escape? (text)
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Where were thirty of the bodies found?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What was the saddest feature of the day? (text)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. How did the fire start?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why did it burn so quickly?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Why were the five girls “who stood together at
the window close to the Greene Street corner unable to be saved? (use text)
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. What happened to the girl who “leaped from a window
adjoining the New York University Building on the westward?” (use text)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
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